In crisis or thinking about suicide? Call or text 988 in the US, available 24 hours a day. If someone is in immediate danger, call 911. Crisis resources
Shrinktionary Part of The Shrink Network

Medical review

Shariq Refai, MD, MBA, FAPA

Shariq Refai, MD, MBA, FAPA

Board certified psychiatrist ยท Founder and medical director of shrinkMD

Content on Shrinktionary is reviewed by Shariq Refai, MD, MBA, FAPA, a board certified psychiatrist licensed in multiple states. Dr. Refai is a Diplomate of the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology and Board Certified by the American Board of Sports and Performance Psychiatry. He is a Fellow of the American Psychiatric Association. He is the founder and medical director of shrinkMD, the clinical practice in The Shrink Network.

Review confirms each entry is accurate, current, and clinically appropriate before publication. Review does not create a doctor-patient relationship with any reader.

Read more about Dr. Refai's background on shariqrefai.com or shrinkMD.com.

Conflict of interest statement. Dr. Refai founded and operates shrinkMD, a private psychiatric practice in The Shrink Network. He doesn't accept funding from pharmaceutical companies, doesn't sell ad placements on Shrinktionary, and doesn't earn referral fees from any external service mentioned on this site. Shrinktionary is editorial.